Wiring a garden shack is a great way to add some flair to your outdoor space. It’s also a great way to ensure you have a place to store all the tools you need in one place and that they can be plugged in for use.
There are certain basic steps to wiring a garden shed for electricity:
Check your local codes, ordinances, and permits
Select the size and amount of cable
Make a list of the items you’ll need
Draw out your plan diagrams & cable route
Dig a trench along your pre-planned route
Hire an electrician
Have a dedicated GFCI circuit installed & run the cable
Place your conduit in the trench
Terminate the cable at the shed, make installs, test, and seal
Refill your trench
I’ve watched an electrician go about wiring a backyard shed we owned, and I’ve also researched the topic myself. People may have differing opinions on the order of operation or whether anyone other than a licensed electrician should handle this project. I am listing the basic steps, and then you can decide for yourself if this is something you have the capacity to tackle.
Notice:This is very basic information and is only for reference.
Know what you’re getting into. Wiring a garden shack can be dangerous if you don’t have the right tools or experience. If you’re unsure, hiring an electrician is probably best and often a regulation for any permitted electrical upgrades of this scale.
1. Check Your Local Codes for Electrical Work Like This
Local building codes vary, and some municipalities have specific rules about wire gauge and even the distance between your house and shed. Make sure you get permits and adhere to the building codes. In the past, we buried cables at 12in to avoid damage and get away with laziness. However, some codes may have you dig a full 3 ft trench.
2. Select the Size and Amount of Cable You Need
Using the information from our article, “What Size Cable Do I Need for Wiring a Garden Shed?” you can decide the size and amount of cable you need for this project. Again, in most cases, you will choose between 12 and 14 gauge. If your shed is more than 50 feet from your space, or you plan on using heavy-duty appliances and tools that need more voltage, you will need to reduce the gauge (giving you higher amperage)to account for this.
3. Make a List of the Items You’ll Need to Purchase for This Project
Standard supplies include screws, nails, cable, PVC conduit for burying the line in, PVC glue, outlet connectors, GFCI Outlet, faceplates, wire caps, tape measure, shovel/post-hole diggers/digging pick, a drill, various other household tools, caulk, and electrical tape. It’s always a good idea to have an estimated cost of supplies, whether you handle this project yourself or opt to hire a licensed professional.
4. Draw Out Your Shed Wiring Diagram and Plan the Cable Route
By doing this, you can determine how many outlets there should be and where they should go. Secondly, it will help prevent accidents from occurring during installation. If you have a plan for where things are supposed to go, there will be less chance of mistakes during installation. Finally, having an outlet plan can save time and money because if everything goes according to plan, there will be no need for any corrections.
You should also call 811 to find out where all essential and dangerous underground pipes and cables have been run by utilities. Once you have that information, you can also plan your cable routing so that it does not interfere with anything already underground. It’s best to sketch this out for future reference.
5. Dig a Trench Along Your Pre-Planned Route
If your cable has a rigid metal conduit, you can have a trench between 6in and 1ft. For wires which do not have a rigid metal covering, you will need to plan on digging a trench that is anywhere from 1ft to 3ft deep. 3ft is the minimum amount required by most city ordinances. This can get complicated. You can be sure how deep to dig by checking local building codes and ordinances.
You can usually do this by hand, but you can also rent small augers when you have to bury a lot of cable or get the trench deeper than you initially assumed.
6. Make a Decision About Hiring an Electrician
At this point, if you need to be better-versed in residential electrical work to do this, please hire a licensed professional electrician from your area. In order to be permitted, most projects like this will have to be handled by a licensed electrician in adherence to all local codes.
They can be responsible for getting you to get the correct permits. They should know about all of the local codes. If anything goes wrong, they are insured. Not to mention, they are less likely to do something wrong, especially if they are experienced.
Handling electricity and using your home as the power source for the wiring to your shed can be dangerous. If you do not run the electrical wiring correctly, you could overpower or underpower your shed. You could get shocked or start a fire. You might also cause damage to any existing wiring, including what is in your home. So be very sure before taking this on as a DIY project.
Find out if the electrician plans to provide all of the supplies needed for the project or if you need to do that. Obviously, if you’ve decided this will be a DIY project, you will have to buy everything. That’s what the list you made previously is for. Also, if you hire an electrician, you should have already provided them with a sketch of where you would like your outlets placed within the shed.
7. Have a Dedicated GFCI Circuit Installed, and Run the Cable to the Exterior
Unless you are a licensed electrician, I’m sure you made the right move and hired one! This is usually the job of that licensed electrician you hired. They’ll get into your electrical panel and add a dedicated GFCI circuit for your shed. You may be able to run the electrical wire for the new circuit through the walls and basement or crawl space of your house (usually along joists or through them). It should lead to where you want the beginning of the pre-planned route. I usually paid the electrician for this kind of work.
8. Place Your Conduit in the Trench
After your trench, if your cable does not have a metal conduit, you will want to pick a PVC conduit to use as a protective shield for the wire between points. If the wire was bare, it could cause a potential electrical and fire hazard. Insects will also eat through your wire. Hence you’ll want to thread your wire through the conduit with as few bends as possible. Use PVC glue wherever a connection should be made.
Did You Know?
NEC guidelines do not allow more than two 90-degree turns. Going beyond these requirements will cause your cable to become a fire hazard.
9. Terminate the Cable at the Shed and Install Your Outlets or Breaker Box
Another hole will need to be drilled to get the cable and/or conduit through and into the shed where it needs to be. You can then install (or have your electrician install) what you need – outlets, switches, lighting fixtures, etc.
TEST EVERYTHING!
A licensed electrician can make short work of this. It is also essential that they do this for code and permitting purposes. Once everything has the thumbs-up, all connections should be sealed at the source and the shed. You can do this with the appropriate caulk.
10. Refill Your Trench
Bury the wires. Some diggers place sand between the PVC and the dirt for further stability and protection. The sand will also fortify the PVC pipes as it gets wet. Backfill the trench with soil. You should keep the sketch of your pre-planned route for future reference when digging. It should be included in any information for new home buyers should you sell.
Remember, this article was just to give you an idea of all of the steps so you can decide what you can and cannot do yourself. My advice? Always hire a licensed, insured electrician. And make sure you get permits and adhere to what the inspector tells you to do. That way, you won’t need to rip things out and do them all over again. This can be a worthwhile upgrade to your backyard shed, so long as it’s done properly.
